The relationship between social status and aesthetic sensitivities has long been observed, producing "highbrow" and "lowbrow" distinctions of tastes. Underly such designations, of course, is the implied superiority of the former over the latter. To be "highbrow" means having cultivated aesthetic sensitivities and appreciation which the "uncultured" masses don't have as they require considerable education, sophistication, and "class." In other words, it is another dimension by which the social elite can claim specialness and worthiness of others' deference. To be "high" means not being "low" in the social hierarchy, and it is those in power positions who so label their social lessers in order to protect their power and prestige.
How specific leisure pursuits and preferences--i.e., forms of sport (for instance, polo or fox hunting vs. boxing or bowling), dance (i.e., ballet vs. Western), reading (i.e., Thackeray vs. comic books) and movie (i.e., "Rambo" vs. "foreign films") preferences, and music -- become recognized as being either high or low pro provide many fascinating stories. For instance, Levine's Highbrow/Lowbrow argues how Shakespeare was considered in the nineteen century U.S. to be of the realm of popular culture, only to be transformed by the "cultural elite" into an author of messages deemed incomprehensible by the masses.
Critical theorists typically argue that the elite have hegemony--defined by Antonio Gramsci (1971) as the way a "certain way of life and thought is dominant, in which one concept of reality is diffused thoughout public society in all its institutions and private manifestations"-- over aesthetic orders. Given the power of art--to maximize the meaning-carrying capacity of cultural symbols and mediums, to crystallize cultural anxieties or to push a culture's emotional hot buttons--its control should, from the elites' perspective, come from the top. Thus, the diffusion of cultural modes should be expected to flow from the upper to lower classes. However, the reverse has often occurred. Consider, for instance, the "low culture" roots of such music as jazz and blues.
When considering Americans' musical tastes, in addition to social class there are matters of race, generation and age--other dimensions shaping the social hierarchy. Consider, for instance, how music serves as a group totem, a unique emblem for one's self and one's association. High schools, colleges, businesses and nations all have their anthems. Rock- and-roll is the music of adolescence, it is "their" music. With time replacing space as a basis of social solidarities, music has also become a sort of generational totem, as a focus of age group identifications: common memories are stored with the songs of the era and the "in" sound for coming-of-age individuals may well be carried with them throughout their lifespan; the World War I tunes now heard in nursing homes will be replaced by the those of Beatles (what will "When I'm Sixty-Four" mean to aging Boomers?); and generations grow old with "their artists" (i.e., Diana Ross moving from "Puppy Love" to songs capturing the complexities of midlife; Frank Sinatra taking his audience from bobby- soxers to "It Was a Very Good Year").
study from http://www.trinity.edu/mkearl/str-musc.html
Warnerian social class model Another example of a stratum class model was developed by the sociologist William Lloyd Warner in his 1949 book, Social Class in America. For many decades, the Warnerian theory was dominant in U.S. sociological theory.
Based on social anthropology, Warner divided Americans into three classes (upper, middle, and lower), then further subdivided each of these into an "upper" and "lower" segment, with the following postulates:
Upper-upper class. "Old money." People who have been born into and raised with wealth; mostly consits of old noble or prestigious families (e.g. Vanderbilt, Rockerfeller, Hilton). Lower-upper class. "New money." Individuals who have become rich within their own lifetimes (e.g. entrepreneurs, movie stars, as well as some prominent professionals). Upper-middle class. High-salaried professionals (e.g. doctors, lawyers, higher rung (were in the corporate market, yet left for a reason such as family time) professors, corporate executives). True-middle class. Professional with salaries and educational attainment higher than those found among lower-middle class workers (e.g. bottom rung professors, managerial office workers, architects) Lower-middle class. Lower-paid professionals, but not manual laborers (e.g. police officers, non-management office workers, small business owners). Upper-lower class. Blue-collar workers and manual labourers. Also known as the "working class." Lower-lower class. The homeless and permanently unemployed, as well as the "working poor."
people having the same social or economic status; "the working class"; "an emerging professional class"
a body of students who are taught together; "early morning classes are always sleepy"
course: education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings; "he took a course in basket weaving"; "flirting is not unknown in college classes"
a collection of things sharing a common attribute; "there are two classes of detergents"
a body of students who graduate together; "the class of '97"; "she was in my year at Hoehandle High"
a league ranked by quality; "he played baseball in class D for two years"; "Princeton is in the NCAA Division 1-AA"
elegance in dress or behavior; "she has a lot of class"
(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
classify: arrange or order by classes or categories; "How would you classify these pottery shards--are they prehistoric?"
Class! is a school newspaper written by Clark County High School students in Las Vegas, NV. It's later edited at UNLV {University Of Nevada}.
Class is a 1983 American movie that was directed by Lewis Carlino.
Class (founded on January 1, 1997) is a notorious and prolific warez group which has been the repeated target of federal raids such as Operation Fastlink. They specialize in cracked games, and sometimes have elaborate art in the cracktro or release (ie. music, 3D animation, logo designs, et cetera). They are a global group and have many members worldwide. Class is frequently abbreviated as CLS and uses that abbreviation as a suffix at the end of the files they release.
Social class refers to the ranking of people into a hierarchy within a culture. The idea of social class entered the English lexicon about the 1770's, with no specific originator. Many sociologists and historians see that "higher" classes control subordinate classes. At times, social class can be related to elitism, and those in the higher class are usually known as the "social elite". This ranking may be legal, as in former Indian castes, or abstract.
Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. Modern classification has its roots in the system of Carolus Linnaeus, who grouped species according to shared physical characteristics. These groupings have been revised since Linnaeus to improve consistency with the Darwinian principle of common descent. ...
Philosophers sometimes distinguish classes from types and kinds. We can talk about the class of human beings, just as we can talk about the type (or natural kind), human being, or humanity. How, then, might classes differ from types? One might well think they are not actually different categories of being, but typically, while both are treated as abstract objects, classes are not usually treated as universals, whereas types usually are. ...
In set theory and its applications throughout mathematics, a class is a collection of sets (or sometimes other mathematical objects) that can be unambiguously defined by a property that all its members share.Some classes are sets, for instance the class of all integers that are even, but others are not, for instance the class of all ordinal numbers or the class of all sets.Classes that are not sets are called proper classes.
The Java source files (.java files) get compiled into .class files. Since Java is a platform-independent language, it compiles its sources into bytecode, which it stores in a .class file. If the source code has more than one class, each class is compiled into a separate .class file. These .class files can be loaded by any Java Virtual Machine.
In object-oriented programming, a class consists of a collection of types of encapsulated instance variables and types of methods, possibly with implementation of those types together with a constructor function that can be used to create objects of the class. A class is a cohesive package that consists of a particular kind of compile-time metadata. A Class describes the rules by which objects behave; these objects are referred to as "instances" of that class. ...
A relative term that implies one horse is superior to another.
(or lung class or inhalation class) means a classification scheme for inhaled material according to its rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung. Materials are classified as D, W, or Y, which applies to a range of clearance half-times: for Class D (Days) of less than 10 days, for Class W (Weeks) from 10 to 100 days, and for Class Y (Years) of greater than 100 days.
(1) In object-oriented design or programming, a model or template that can be instantiated to create objects with a common definition and therefore, common properties, operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of a class. (2) In the AIX operating system, pertaining to the I/O characteristics of a device. System devices are classified as block or character devices
The formal definition of an object. The class acts as the template from which an instance of an object is created at run time. The class defines the properties of the object and the methods used to control the object's behavior.
A family of derived types with a common parent type.
(klas) In the scientific system of classification (taxonomy), class is the division between phylum and order.
Options of the same type - put or call - with the same underlying security.
A class is an object which describes the structure and behaviour of a set of objects which are its instances. A class object contains inheritance information and a set of slot descriptions which define the structure of its instances. A class object is an instance of a metaclass. All classes in EuLisp are subclasses of
A class defines the behavior of its instances. Usually the class contains definitions of all methods shared by its instances.
a collection of entities satisfying a condition for membership in the class. To avoid problems arising if classes get too large, or belong to other classes, or are not completed, set theory distinguishes classes from sets.
(1) A group of objects that share a common definition and that therefore share common properties, operations, and behavior. (2) (C++ only) A user-defined type that is defined with the class-key 'class,' 'struct,' or 'union.' Objects of a class type consist of zero or more members and base class objects. See member. Classes can be defined hierarchically, allowing one class to be an expansion of another, and classes can restrict access to their members.
Lecture, tutorial, laboratory session, field trip, practicum, supervisory session and other contexts in which teaching is occurring.
The principal search mechanism in GAMS is based on a tree-structured taxonomy of mathematical and statistical problems. Each node in this tree is termed a problem class, and is designated by a tag, an alternating sequence of letters and numbers (eg, D2b1). Each module in GAMS is assigned to one or more problem classes. To locate software GAMS users find a class that describes the problem they wish to solve and then view the modules with that classification.
Rating scale of river difficulty. Scale ranges from Class I (easiest) to Class VI (most difficult or unrunnable). The scale is general and can be slightly subjective.
A factory construct from which object instances are created. The OO-Browser displays classes along with their elements, categories and formal protocols.
A group of chickens that has been developed in a particular region of the world.
The major category in biological taxonomy ranking above the order and below phylum.
Go to Top of Document - CONTENTS Class is the primary category for the data. Each Element is assigned These categories may relate to a single database table or they can also contained in, but they can also be logically grouped. Examples of Class in DOEInfo are: DEDUCTION DFWP EARNINGS EMPLOYEE LEAVE PAYROLL POSITION PROJECTION Element Name: Class Table: MetaData Length: 30 Data Type: Character
Options of the same type (ie, either puts or calls, but not both) covering the same underlying futures contract or other asset (eg, a March call with a strike price of 62 and a May call with a strike price of 58).
In the Java language, a type that defines the implementation of a particular kind of object. A class definition defines instance and class variables and methods, as well as specifying the interfaces the class implements and the immediate superclass of the class.
A taxonomic grouping below division or phylum and above order. A class may include several sub-classes.
The third group that scientists classify living things into. Each phylum is split into classes. Example: The Mammal Class is in the Chordate Phylum.
Major division of a phylum. There are six (or seven) classes in Mollusca. Clathrate: Latticed with bisecting striae or cords, or by axial and spiral ridges.
a higher taxonomic category for a group of related animals or plants which share common characteristics. This category is more specific than a phylum and broader than an order. For more information see the classification of animals.
A set of pixels in a GIS or image file that represent areas that have the same attribute or share the same condition. Classification The process and operations used to assign pixels of a continuous raster image to predefined classes.
Basically today we have been asked to choose a word off a wall filled with post it notes. i choose class because it didnt sound as dounting as space (for example). my very first idea for CLASS was thinking about making an advert, maybe for a car that was very elegant, simple, just like the new Jaguar advert. the first advert that came into mind though, was the mercedes benz advert "oh lord wont you buy me a mercedes benz". The interesting thing about mercedes is that they use the word Class - to define there different models i.e. from A class to S Class. A is the cheapest, to S their most exspensive range.
